Violin plots showing the mean expression of POSTN, RUNX2, SPP1 , and BGN across the mesenchymal clusters in the scRNA-seq bone metastasis cohort from Kfoury 66 , derived from n = 9 bone samples, encompassing a total of 1872 individual cells. The embedded box plots display the median of the data (white dot), the bounds of the box represent the 25th and 75th percentiles (interquartile range), and the data within these bounds represent the minima and maxima of the non-outlying data. P: p -values resulting from Welch’s t-test comparing the expression of each marker gene in c5-c7 versus the remaining clusters and are as follows: POSTN: p < 0.001, BGN: p < 0.0001, RUNX2: p < 0.0001, SPP1: p = 0.08. UMAP: Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection.