ECM components were treated with 10 mM sodium periodate (blue) or with chondroitinase ABC (green), and signal intensity relative to the untreated condition was quantified from confocal microscopy images. Periodate and chondroitinase treatment are expected to cleave a subset of glycans on the substrates shown. For representative images used for quantification, see Extended Data Figure 3a . n = 3; error bars represent s.e.m. P values were determined using an unpaired two-tailed t -test; ** P < 0.005; *** P < 0.0005.