Corresponding changes in VTA 4-Hz trough-triggered beta-band power between cocaine-paired LED minus saline-paired LED activations over tests. Top, each gray line represents the change in power for a single frequency (1-Hz increments) within the beta range when the mouse was active (speed > 2 cm/s) relative to saline- (left) versus cocaine-paired (right) LEDs. Bottom, corresponding cocaine minus saline mean difference estimation distribution; black dot, mean difference estimate; filled curve, distribution of mean difference estimates; black lines, 95% confidence interval. Note that compared to the saline-paired LED, the VTA 4-Hz trough-triggered beta-band signals associated with cocaine-paired LED activation are stronger in recall and renewal.*p < 0.001;**p < 0.01; permutation test, with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons; n = 4 stages.
