Several mechanisms have been described to act on the outer mitochondrial membrane to reshape the mitochondrial proteome. In yeast, mitochondrial-derived compartments (MDCs) can form a functional, metabolically active compartment in response to amino acid stress and can modulate the degradation of a subset of the mitochondrial proteome. Mitochondrial-derived vesicles (MDVs) can selectively deliver mitochondrial contents for lysosomal degradation at steady state or in response to various stress conditions, such as reactive oxygen species. The most studied remodeling pathway is LC3-dependent degradation, for example, by piecemeal or bit-by-bit mitophagy. Additionally, Toxoplasma infection can trigger the formation of large mitochondrial structures named structures positive for OMM (SPOTs), which lead to the degradation of mitochondrial proteins through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS).
