In a set of 9 Yamnaya cemeteries and a total of 25 kurgans, closely or distantly related individuals are almost absent in inter-cemetery comparisons, more are found in inter-kurgan and within-cemetery comparisons, and even more are found in intra-kurgan comparisons; nonetheless, most Yamnaya individuals in all comparisons were unrelated. Kurgan burial of close kin was less common than in the case of a local patrilineal dynasty, as at a Neolithic long cairn at Neolithic Hazleton North 45 , but was more common than in Neolithic monuments in Ireland 55 . Two-sided 95% confidence intervals are shown. The map was drawn using public-domain Natural Earth data with the rnaturalearth package in R 54 .
