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Sketch of the measurement principle including the electron-beam ion source (EBIS), the electrostatic switchyard, the beam alignment irises, the laser system, and the fluorescence detection region (FDR). The laser system consists of two Millennia pump lasers (Nd:YVO 4 ) that drive two Ti:Sapphire lasers, each followed by two frequency doublers, one operated with lithium-triborate (LBO) and second one with barium betaborate (BBO). The lasers are locked to a wavemeter and a frequency comb. The 227-nm light is then transported through air to the COALA beamline. The two charge-breeding processes, electron-impact ionization and electron capture, are shown in the inset above the EBIS potential.

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