Transcriptional rates were determined from the linear fit during the linear growth phase of fluorescence increase due to MB binding to the transcribed RNA (Supplementary Dataset 4 and Supplementary Fig. 2b,c ). All rates relate to the transcriptional rate of the nanoengine. Column I, NTS; column II, intermolecular transcription rate from the dsDNA-t incubated with HT–T7RNAP; column III, nanoengine lacking the chloroalkane linker; column IV, nanoengine (I: n = 14, -0.06 ± 0.12, min = -0.38, max = 0.04, median = 0.00; II: n = 32; 0.16 ± 0.15, min = -0.14, max = 1.48, median= 0.16; III: n = 38, 0.19 ± 0.26, min = -0.42, max = 0.70, median = 0.18; IV: n = 40, 1.00 ± 0.12, min = 0.52, max = 1.48 median = 1.00. *** P = 3.0 x 10 -23 ).
