Line Plot from Scientific Research

HAADF-STEM image of the coherently strained BFO–BFTO–NGO heterostructure. We note that the charged-surface termination of NGO causes an initial growth of BFTO with less than four perovskite sublayers. Out-of-plane (Δ z ) and in-plane (Δ x ) polar displacements of the B-site atomic columns from the centre of their two nearest A-site neighbours extracted from the HAADF-STEM image confirm the presence of BFO polarization from the first unit cell. The ferroelectric polarization is directed opposite to these displacements and the error bars signify the standard error of the mean.

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