Analysis of genetic interaction effects. Left, effect sizes relative to control (y axis) of cells containing zero, one or two guides (x axis) within each perturbation module (lines connecting three dots). Modules with significant effects (q < 0.05) are highlighted in color and labeled, with the expected effect of cells containing two guides in the module represented with a dotted line. Error bars represent standard errors obtained from bootstrapping. Right plots, violin plots of the mean effects of individual cells containing zero, one or two guides in the three perturbation modules with significant interaction effects. Dotted line represents the expected effect of cells with two guides. Two-sided P values were computed from permutation testing. FC, fold change.