Phylogenetic distance was calculated as the MPD between each species from the global naturalized alien flora (9,531 species) and all native species in each region ( n = 4,403,923 observations). The partial relationships of naturalization probability with MPD are shown when fixing latitude for different values. The partial relationships are based on a binomial generalized mixed linear model with a fixed effect MPD (two-sided Wald Z -test: z -value = -5.27, P < 0.001), absolute latitude (two-sided Wald Z -test: z-value = 3.65, P < 0.001) and their interaction (two-sided Wald Z -test: z -value = -3.39, P = 0.001). The colors of the lines indicate the latitudes.
